Matters requiring attention to improve rural habitat
Among the six key tasks for improving rural habitat, the situation of promoting rural sewage treatment is more complex. China's rural areas are vast and characterized by different natural conditions. Even in the same township, different villages have different population sizes, topography, environmental capacity and levels of economic development, resulting in different water quantity, water quality and discharge characteristics of domestic sewage. Rural domestic sewage treatment should adhere to village suitability.
On the issue of funding for the operation and maintenance of facilities, villages with better conditions can implement a system of payment by farmers for sewage treatment, villages with a better collective economy can use village self-financing, and local governments can also improve the way in which rural areas are self-financed. Professionalization and socialization of facility management and maintenance can be achieved by attracting social capital participation and government procurement of services. Level.
The first thing to note is that the choice of treatment mode is due to the suitability of the village. A variety of wastewater treatment methods are used according to the actual situation of the village, local customs and habits and economic and social conditions.
Secondly, the choice of sewage treatment technology should be suitable for villages. In the process of promoting rural domestic sewage treatment, localities should work closely with the relevant technical departments or specialized sewage treatment companies to scientifically select sewage treatment technologies in accordance with the actual situation and existence of different villages.G technical means.
In economically underdeveloped, water-scarce, smaller villages with low-lying wastelands and wastelands, the so-called stabilization pond treatment method can be used. This method requires no sludge treatment, low investment and low operating costs. It is a better method for deep treatment of domestic sewage.
For small and medium-sized villages with relatively flat terrain and relatively concentrated settlements, artificial wetlands can be used if there are large lotus root ponds or large areas of barren land. The method is simple to maintain, low technology, low investment in engineering infrastructure and low operating costs. Of course, there are many other technologies for rural domestic sewage treatment, which can be combined according to the different conditions of different villages.
Third, the management of sewage treatment facilities and the mobilization of funds for the operation and maintenance of facilities. Rural sewage treatment facilities in the early stages of construction, often due to the attention of the leadership and project funding support to carry out smoothly, but the later management and maintenance will be due to the lack of technical personnel and lack of funds and other issues, and may even appear fa “sunshine” situation.
In this case, management should also be carried out through village suitability. For villages with small populations and relatively simple sewage treatment technologies, villagers can act as cleaners or managers under the guidance of the relevant authorities to operate and maintain the facilities. For treatment facilities operated directly by local governments, service agreements can be signed at the time of planning and construction projects, with training and long-term technical support provided by treatment process design units or technical support units. Enterprises may be responsible for the daily operation and maintenance of treatment facilities entrusted by the government to specialized enterprises.
At present, the relevant departments of our country have formulated and implemented rural habitat improvement programs to effectively promote the improvement of rural habitat.
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