What to do about our agricultural wastewater problem instead
Can the problem of rural sewage treatment be solved? China, as a traditional agricultural country, has a history of thousands of years, in traditional agriculture, the material flow is a closed cycle process, while modern agriculture due to the use of chemical fertilizers, breaking the cycle chain, so that the original can be used as fertilizers into waste, need to go somewhere cause. However, in recent years, the international community has recognized the dangers of excessive use of chemical fertilizers and has begun to explore ways of ecological agriculture. The so-called eco-agriculture is to combine the material cycle of traditional agriculture with some modern technical means and management methods to build a new type of material cycle system, which provides very favorable conditions for the recycling of rural sewage.
Rural sewage is not intended for use, and the continuity of sewage treatment is in conflict with the seasonal reuse requirements. In the dry season, irrigation water is needed and there is a place to receive the water immediately after sewage treatment; in the non-irrigation season, there will be a place to store the treated water, but if the water is simply treated and stored, it will turn into a black and smelly body of water. Therefore, how to find a suitable model and technical system for safe storage is also a problem to be solved in the future.
Rural wastewater treatment concepts should be integrated with rural ecology, production methods and lifestyles in order to conserve energy and reduce environmental impacts. Therefore, there is a need for a change of mindset to develop new sustainable rural wastewater treatment models and technological systems by combining the needs of the rural ecosystem with the accessibility and possibilities of wastewater treatment technologies.
Agricultural resource utilization has benefits, i.e., its standards are constant because its end products basically go into the land system, so they do not change with external water quality requirements, and the countryside should take this as a new direction for development. Of course, there will be many constraints, the biggest factor is the ecological carrying capacity of rural land, the carrying capacity of different areas, sewage acceptance is also different, according to the ecological carrying capacity to determine the total amount of sewage treatment pollution. Ant. Generally speaking, the more the population per unit area, the smaller the ecological carrying capacity of the land, which requires the higher efficiency of the technical facilities, and the two are in balance. In addition, under the ecological constraints, the utilization of resources also requires a cascade of standards between material transformation and treatment, and what standards should be applied under what circumstances, and standards are set through ecological cards. Population capacity such as densely populated areas with low ecological carrying capacity and high processing requirements.
It is well known that there are three modes of rural wastewater treatment, namely, in-situ treatment of domestic/combined sewage, proximity treatment at village sewage treatment stations, and centralized treatment at sewage pipelines. How to choose the mode during project implementation has been a problem for the industry.
Rural wastewater treatment technologies can be summarized as follows: some major treatment technologies such as septic tanks, anaerobic biofilm treatment, biofilm MBR, SBR, oxidation ditch, A2/O and other biological treatment technologies; artificial wetlands, stabilization ponds, land percolation. and other ecological treatment technologies, as well as some chemical phosphorus removal or disinfection methods. In general, the processing technologies currently in use in rural areas are essentially basic.
Therefore, how to choose rural wastewater treatment technology, there are many controversies in the industrial world, different standards must have different technology system corresponds to, and after determining the technology, there must be corresponding management or operation and maintenance method corresponds to, different technology and management corresponds to different financial needs.
Based on this, standards, especially emission standards, are an important factor in guiding the direction of technology development and determining the direction of technology selection. From the current situation in China's townships, the higher the standard, the more complex the technical requirements, the higher the management requirements, and ultimately the higher the construction and operation and maintenance costs.
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